It penetrates as discrete disruptions of the local electromagnetic field called photons. Light doesn’t just hit the uppermost surface of the clear coat and bounce to your eye. It’s a three-dimensional shell that light penetrates and then reemerges from, wholly changed. “It’s a fog that adheres to the car.” A heated “bake” cycle cures that layer, and then the robot machinery of the line sprays another layer on, a protective clear coat with all the same ingredients except the pigment. That cloud, sprayed toward the car body, gets a light electric charge to attract it to the target, cutting down on waste. “Atomization is essentially exploding a liquid into the finest particle possible,” Henry says. Those kind of effects make a paint “goniochromatic”-meaning the finish looks different from different angles. The pigment might also include ingredients like silica that make metallic or pearlescent flakes look finer or coarser.
Chemistries vary, but all paints are essentially a combination of pigment, which reflects and absorbs light to give a specific color solvent, which carries the pigment onto a surface and binder, which keeps the pigment mixed. The next coats are primers, or primers and paints.
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